[Azure] Tomcat에서 Key Vault 연동 및 TLS 적용

Azure Key Vault를 사용하여 JVM에 TLS/SSL 인증서 제공 - Java on Azure

 

사전 준비

• 개인 도메인 소지
• A 레코드로 Server IP로 매핑

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1. 키 볼트 생성

• 키 볼트 생성하게 되면 https://jhjung-key2.vault.azure.net/ 이런 식으로 자격 증명 모음 URL이 나오게 된다.

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2. Server VM 구축 (Windows Server 기반)

* VM 생성 과정에서 '관리 ID'를 활성화해준다.

• 생성 후에도 활성화 가능

Adoptium

• JDK 다운로드 해준다.

* 환경 변수 설정이 안될 시 참고

echo %JAVA_HOME%

JAVA_HOME=C:\Program Files\Eclipse Adoptium\jdk-17.x.x
%JAVA_HOME%\bin # PATH에도 추가

• JAVA_HOME 확인
• 없으면 시스템 환경변수 → 새 변수

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3. Tomcat 설치 및 HTTP 웹 접속 확인

Apache Tomcat® - Welcome!

• 압축 해제 후 bin 폴더 이동
• Powershell 관리자권한으로 실행 후 해당 폴더에서 서버 실행
• .\catalina.bat run

서버 실행 참고

 

netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="Tomcat 8080" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=8080

• 인바운드 시스템 방화벽 8080 포트 허용

 

• VM NSG에 8080포트 허용

 

netstat -ano | findstr :8080

• Powershell 에서 8080 오픈 포트 확인

 

• HTTP 포트로 웹 접속 확인

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4. VM에서 Win-ACME로 공인 인증서 발급

win-acme

• 압축 해제 후 wacs.exe 관리자 권한으로 실행
• 실행 후 M (PFX 저장 위치 직접 선택 가능)
• 1 (Read bindings from IIS) 선택 / 2번 통해서 hostname 직접 입력 가능
• A = Pick all bindings 선택
• 계속 진행 Y 선택
• 4 (Single certificate) 선택
• 2 (Serve verification files from memory)
• 2 (RSA key)
• 3 ( PFX archive )
• 2 (Type/paste in console)

iis.foolblack.com 인증서 발급 완료

 

• 전 게시글에서 만들었던 iis.foolblack.com 인증서로 진행

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5. Azure Key Vault에 발급된 인증서 업로드

• 인증서 가져오기를 통해 생성된 PFX 파일과 설정한 비밀번호를 입력해 주면 된다

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4. Azure Key Vault에 VM 관리 ID에 대해 권한 부여

• Key Vault 비밀 사용자 부여
• Key Vault 읽기 권한자 부여

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5. Azure Key Vault JCA Provider 설치

apache-tomcat-11.0.18\lib 폴더에 Azure JCA provider jar 파일을 넣어야 함.

azure-security-keyvault-jca-2.10.1.jar

4.84MB

 

• 위 첨부된 파일을 이용해도 됨.
• Maven을 통해 설치해도 됨.

mvn dependency:get -Dartifact=com.azure:azure-security-keyvault-jca:2.10.1

 

Download Apache Maven – Maven

• maven 설치는 위 링크를 통해 진행.
• bin.zip을 다운받아 환경 변수 등록

변수 이름: MAVEN_HOME
변수 값: C:\maven\apache-maven-3.9.x

%MAVEN_HOME%\bin # Path

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6. Tomcat 시작 옵션에 Key Vault 인증 정보 넣기

set "JAVA_OPTS=%JAVA_OPTS% -Dazure.keyvault.uri=https://[키볼트이름].vault.azure.net/"
set "CLASSPATH=%CLASSPATH%;C:\temp\kvjca\libs\azure-security-keyvault-jca-2.10.1.jar"

• apache-tomcat-11.0.18\bin 폴더에 setenv.bat 파일 만들기
• CLASSPATH는 jar 파일이 있는 경로로 설정

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7. server.xml 파일 설정

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
  limitations under the License.
-->
<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not
     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html
 -->
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
  -->
  <!-- OpenSSL support using Tomcat Native -->
  <!-- Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" -->
  <!-- OpenSSL support using FFM API from Java 22 -->
  <!-- <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.OpenSSLLifecycleListener" /> -->
  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <!-- Global JNDI resources
       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html
  -->
  <GlobalNamingResources>
    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by
         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users
    -->
    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"
              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"
              description="User database that can be updated and saved"
              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"
              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />
  </GlobalNamingResources>

  <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share
       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",
       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.
       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html
   -->
  <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->
    <!--
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"
        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>
    -->


    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received
         and responses are returned. Documentation at :
         HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html
         AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html
         Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
    -->
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->
    <!--
    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"
               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->
    <!-- Define an SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443 with HTTP/2
         This connector uses the NIO implementation. The default
         SSLImplementation will depend on the presence of the APR/native
         library and the useOpenSSL attribute of the AprLifecycleListener.
         Either JSSE or OpenSSL style configuration may be used regardless of
         the SSLImplementation selected. JSSE style configuration is used below.
    -->
    <!--
    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true">
        <UpgradeProtocol className="org.apache.coyote.http2.Http2Protocol" />
        <SSLHostConfig>
            <Certificate certificateKeystoreFile="conf/localhost-rsa.jks"
                         certificateKeystorePassword="changeit" type="RSA" />
        </SSLHostConfig>
    </Connector>
    -->

     <Connector port="8443"
           protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
           SSLEnabled="true">
  <SSLHostConfig>
    <Certificate
        certificateKeyAlias="jhjung-pfx"
        certificateKeystoreType="DKS"
        certificateKeystoreProvider="AzureKeyVault" 
	certificateKeystoreFile="file:/"
/>
  </SSLHostConfig>
</Connector>
    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->
    <!--
    <Connector protocol="AJP/1.3"
               address="::1"
               port="8009"
               redirectPort="8443" />
    -->

    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes
         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone
         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them
         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).
         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">
    -->
    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost">

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:
          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)
          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->
      <!--
      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>
      -->

      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords
           via a brute-force attack -->
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI
             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits
             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately
             available for use by the Realm.  -->
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>



      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->
        <!--
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />
        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.
             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html
             Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->
        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"
               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"
               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

• server.xml 설정 코드 
• 변경 사항은 아래를 참조

변경 사항

<Connector port="8443"
           protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"
           SSLEnabled="true">
  <SSLHostConfig>
    <Certificate
        certificateKeyAlias="jhjung-pfx"
        certificateKeystoreType="DKS"
        certificateKeystoreProvider="AzureKeyVault" 
	certificateKeystoreFile="file:/"
/>
  </SSLHostConfig>
</Connector>

# 위 설정 추가

• SSL 포트 8443 설정
• 인증서 이름 : 키 볼트에 업로드 된 'jhjung-pfx' 
• Tomcat이 기본값으로 .keystore 같은 걸 잡는 경우가 있어 file:/ URI로 명

 

<!-- <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.OpenSSLLifecycleListener" /> -->
# 주석 처리

• Tomcat이 OpenSSL 모드로 떠서 JSSE(JCA Provider) 등록을 안 타는 경우가 있음
• 그래서 주석 처리

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8. JVM에 AzureKeyVault Provider 등록

• 경로 : C:\Program Files\Eclipse Adoptium\jdk-25.0.2.10-hotspot\conf\security\java.security

• security.provider.14=com.azure.security.keyvault.jca.KeyVaultJcaProvider 추가

그리고 추가로 Jshell에서 등록

jshell --class-path "C:\temp\kvjca\libs\azure-security-keyvault-jca-2.10.1.jar"

import java.security.*;
Security.addProvider(new com.azure.security.keyvault.jca.KeyVaultJcaProvider());
for (var p : Security.getProviders()) System.out.println(p.getName());

 

정상적으로 등록됐으면 이렇게 떠야됨.

 

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9. 8443 포트 방화벽 및 NSG에서 오픈

netsh advfirewall firewall add rule name="Tomcat 8443" dir=in action=allow protocol=TCP localport=8443

 

• Tomcat 재시작 후 8443 오픈 포트 확인
• netstat -ano | findstr :8443

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결과

• iis.foolblack.com:8443 으로 접속 된것을 확인